Acne
Acne is a common skin disease characterized by comedones,papules, pustules, nodules,cystic structure on the face,chest & back caused by inflammation of skin glands & hair follicles
Signs & Symptoms of Acne
Both comedones i.e.Whiteheads & Blackheads influenced more in acne & then other symptoms occurs according to types of acne.There are the following
– Whiteheads : a skin lesions consisting of a hair follicles that is occluded or plugged with sebum & keratin appearing white at the surface .it’s also known as closed comedo especially on the face.
– Blackheads : a plug of sebum in a hair follicles ,darkened by oxidation especially on the face ,called also open comedo .
– Papules : a small Solid usually conical elevation of the skin ,usually inflammatory but no containing pus (nonsuppurative)
-Pustules : a small blister or pimple like lesion on the skin containing pus.
-Nodules : a small collection of tissue that is palpable at any level of the skin such as epidermis, dermis,or subcutis/another tissue of the body .Nodules characteristically range in size from 1 to 2 cm in diameter.
Cystic lesions or cystic acne : Acne with cysts containing sebum & keratin ,Oil ducts become clogged & subsequently rupture & then formed as inflammation in this type of lesions .Cystic Acne must common in the teenage years.
Classification of Acne :
Acne can be classified as
– Non- inflammatory : Appeared by comedones
-Inflammatory : Appeared by Papules ,pustules, nodules, & cysts
Pathophysiology of Acne :
Acne build up through four main factors which is following below-
- Increased sebum secretions
- Follicular plugging with sebum & keratinocytes
- Bacteria causing colonization of follicles (Propionibacterium acnes which is normally situated in skin as a normal flora )
- Break-out or release of multiple inflammatory mediators .
Interpretation of severity of Acne : through classification of acne can be interprate very well that’s are followed below-
- Mild : Less than 20 comedones or Less than 15 inflammatory lesions or Less than 30 total lesions
- Moderate : 20 to 100 comedones or 15 to 50 inflammatory lesions or 30 to 125 total lesions
- Severe : Greater than 5 cysts or total comedones count ,Greater than 100 ,or total inflammatory lesions count greater than 50 ,or Greater than 125 total lesions .